![]() The formation of the Kingdom of Judah is a subject of heavy debate among scholars, with a dispute emerging between biblical minimalists and biblical maximalists on this particular topic. See also: Biblical archaeology, Biblical archaeology school, and The Bible and history It was not until 400 years later, following the Maccabean Revolt, that the Jews fully regained independence. They were allowed to self-rule under Persian governance. A large number of Judeans were exiled to Babylon, and the fallen kingdom was then annexed as a Babylonian province.Īfter Babylon's fall to the Persian Achaemenid Empire, king Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews who had been deported after the conquest of Judah to return. In 587 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar II besieged and destroyed Jerusalem, bringing an end to the kingdom. The early 6th century BCE saw a wave of Egyptian-backed Judahite rebellions against Babylonian rule being crushed. With the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 605 BCE, competition emerged between Egypt and the Neo-Babylonian Empire over control of the Levant, ultimately resulting in Judah's rapid decline. In the 7th century BCE, the kingdom's population increased greatly, prospering under Assyrian vassalage, despite Hezekiah's revolt against the Assyrian king Sennacherib. Recent excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa, however, support the existence of a centrally organized and urbanized kingdom by the 10th century BCE, according to the excavators. The Tel Dan Stele, discovered in 1993, shows that the kingdom, at least in some form, existed by the middle of the 9th century BCE, but it does not indicate the extent of its power. In the 10th and early 9th centuries BCE, the territory of Judah appears to have been sparsely populated, limited to small rural settlements, most of them unfortified. However, during the 1980s, some biblical scholars began to argue that the archaeological evidence for an extensive kingdom before the late-8th century BCE is too weak, and that the methodology used to obtain the evidence is flawed. The Hebrew Bible depicts the Kingdom of Judah as a successor to the United Kingdom of Israel, a term denoting the united monarchy under biblical kings Saul, David and Solomon and covering the territory of Judah and Israel. Jews are named after Judah and are primarily descended from it. The other Israelite polity, the Kingdom of Israel, lay to the north. Centered in Judea, the kingdom's capital was Jerusalem. The Kingdom of Judah ( Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Yəhūdā Akkadian: □□□□□ Ya'údâ Imperial Aramaic: □□□□□□ Bēyt Dāwīḏ, " House of David") was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.
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